How to test incremental encoder with multimeter

The incremental encoder generates superimposed pulses on two lines. By counting the pulses of the two lines and their sequence, the distance, speed and direction of travel can be determined.

If the motor is not moving at all, the encoder will not generate any pulses.

You can check your encoder with a multimeter to make sure it is working properly. You can read the voltage on one of the lines while turning the motor shaft very slowly. Very, very slowly. The rotor must turn slowly so that the multimeter has time to detect the voltage change. If you just turn the motor, the pulses are too fast for the multimeter to detect. This encoder has 2048 pulses per revolution. To see this transition, you have to move the shaft one 2048 revolutions.

If you just want to make sure that the encoder is generating pulses, you can put the multimeter in AC mode and rotate the motor. A non-zero voltage during rotation means that pulses are being generated.

If you need more information, such as the direction, whether the tracks are overlapping correctly, and especially the speed, you should use an oscilloscope instead of a multimeter.

Since the encoder only generates pulses when rotating, if the motor is not actually moving, the encoder may not be the problem and you should investigate further.

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